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The 'poor man's air force' is a term for employing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hobbyist drones or uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) to strategic level military effect, and that effect cannot be understated (Waters, 2018; Nadeau, 2022; Shift, 2023). The ability for terror organisations to coordinate multiple layers of effects, including using COTS drones, to destroy Command and Control (C2) nodes in Israel causes alarm. Couple this with the use of COTS drones for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, strike and battle-damage assessment missions, and the threat posed by what are essentially toys is alarmingly real.

The Moral Hazard of Bloodless Air BattlesDaniel CookAustralian Defence ForceA trend has appeared in modern warfare in 2025 – short conflicts betwee

Applying Wylie's Cumulative and Sequential Patterns to Air OperationsPeter Layton

Insights From Recent Large-Scale Long-Range Drone and Missile AttacksPeter Layton

Strategist Joseph Caldwell Wylie argued that strategies were implemented through two general types of operational patterns: (1) cumulative warfare, which involves “a collection of lesser actions” where tactical actions gradually built up to have strategic impact; and (2) sequential warfare, which is “a series of discrete steps” where each lead to the next; an example being the island hopping campaign across the Pacific during World War Two.

Introduction (Siovahn Daly)

Unlike defensive air operations which are reactive, offensive air operations are undertaken where and when an air force chooses.

Matthew ThorntonAustralian Defence ForceWhen a drone from an adversary attacks an office in Amberley, how many of our industry partners will show u