Escape Your Echo Chamber
Amy Hestermann-Crane
Australian Defence Force
When I was younger, I was very black and white in my thinking. Many would argue that I still am! Although I am finding the beauty in shades of grey (don’t say it!). Yet despite trying to grow my empathy and to appreciate the differences of thoughts for the constructive challenges and opportunity for growth – I still fall into the trap of comfort. I don’t always want to deal with people whose views I find offensive, idiotic, or more often than not – both. So despite being aware of the echo chamber phenomena, and its dangers, I wilfully stay with my chamber to learn and hear voices I already agree with, already support, and think very similar to myself. Is that so wrong?
Annoyingly – the answer is “it’s complicated!” Just like friendship groups, it’s nice to relax, recharge, and experience life with people we enjoy. And just like people, it’s not particularly healthy to surround yourself with toxicity that makes you feel bad about you as a person, be that social media or physical people. However, it’s equally not good to allow big data algorithms to shelter you, influence you to extreme views, and to alter our communication so that we are permanently defensive and polarised instead of open to genuine discourse and growth.
But that’s exactly what an echo chamber does. You’ve probably heard the term before, and if you’re not me, you might have heard of its less well known related “epistemic bubble” (Nguyen, 2019). An epistemic bubble is where ‘insiders’ aren’t exposed to opinions from the opposite side of an argument. While echo chambers are more extreme, where the insider doesn’t trust the opinions of the opposite side. Both aren’t great for education, growth, and innovation. But the echo chamber is easily worse! Nguyen (2018), who has done extensive research on the subject likens echo chambers to the similar dangers and trappings of a cult. Differing opinions are not only not heard, but actively discredited. I’m sure you can all think of some comment feeds filled with personal attacks and insults to dismiss a challenging point of view.
So what are some of the dangers of echo chambers and how quickly can you start to be radicalised with very little conscious awareness?
A study by Little & Richards (2021) tested social media algorithms via testing its ability to encourage and reinforce multiple forms of extremist views. In one experiment on TikTok, the test began with transphobia. Through only engaging with transphobic content, the platform began suggesting other forms of extremist and far-right videos, including white supremacy and endorsed violence against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ) members. How long did this take? A matter of approximately 400 videos! That’s a lot of videos and would surely take a while to get through and give parents enough time to save their child from these violent circles. Except that with an average of 20 second long clips, it would feasibly take only 2 hours to be sucked into this rabbit hole of increasing hatred and violence.
I always find it dangerous when people say there’s no editorial viewpoint here or we’re not taking an editorial stand, because every list has some kind of viewpoint about what matters and what doesn’t matter (Pariser, 2018).
This conditioning isn’t taking into consideration how much data your social media already has from previous interactions, your shared web-based usage, and broader social networks. You’re already in at least an epistemic bubble – and depending on your mindset, you may be more entrenched than you think! I know on some of my platforms, I’m so deep into pictures of cottages, tea and biscuits, and beautiful books that I forgot there were other functions for the platform! And sure, creating beautiful images spaces doesn’t sound dangerous, but let’s move that casual forgetfulness to Twitter, Facebook, or the news sources you use. Upon reflection, turns out my circles there are pretty homogenous too. What about yours?
Sure, we’re not all going down the pathway of white supremacist Twitter feeds. But that does not mean we are not polarised as a nation or a globe! That we are not dismissing the genuine concerns or criticisms of ‘the other side’ just because we’re so trained not to hear it! That this kind of behaviour, right now, is leading to increasingly dangerous and violent division within our society (Does the United States Capitol riot on 6 January 2021 ring any bells?).
So – if I managed to concern you enough, how do we stop it? First, I would highly recommend The Social Dilemma documentary as a means of informing yourself (Orlowski, 2020). Understanding the ways in which social media affects you (and how it uses your data) is the first step to being able to combat the risks of being captured in an echo chamber.
But the quick version, what can you do? Well first, be conscious of it and confirmation bias in general. Do you agree with this because you already supported the idea? Does that make it truly valid? Challenge your instinctual reaction. Further to this, you need to question why you’re muting or unfollowing individuals. Are they spouting hatred and calls to violence or harmful behaviour? Okay, that’s not good. But is it just because they said one or two things that don’t align 100% with your political views?
Next, start seeking out neutral or opposing views to yourself in news feeds or in YouTube channels and actually listening to alternative opinion of commenters instead of instantly dismissing them. Perhaps you can follow a broader range of content creators. I like to follow as many authors as I can. I often don’t interact with their content (I like their books more than their tweets), but I like to think it helps broaden my Twitter algorithm a smidge!
This isn’t easy, and not always necessary for every platform. But being conscious of social media’s manipulation upon you is definitely important!
Comments
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Then I found Cyber Cryptocurrency Trace. I was hesitant, but their initial assessment gave me a glimmer of real hope. They didn’t just listen; they had a plan. Their team of specialists used cutting-edge blockchain tracing to follow the digital trail my stolen assets had taken. Through diligent forensic work and strategic recovery protocols, they managed to retrieve a significant portion of what I had lost.
The process was professional, communicative, and, most importantly, effective. They gave me back more than just funds; they gave me back a sense of security.
If you feel defeated after a crypto scam or theft, please know that there are legitimate experts who can help. I can personally and wholeheartedly recommend reaching out to:
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I want to share with you my testimony of how I joined this great organization of illuminate, really I was so poor and my life was almost to die and I tried many times to join illuminati but all was in vain whereby I was facing fake people who were claiming to be agents of illuminati. They ate my money without helping me out there. I lost hope in illuminati. But because i was very interested and focused on my dream, I continued trying there I meant an agent called Mr MAC NUNES from South Africa Cape Town but currently in Nigeria who told me he will help me out still i didn’t trusted him at all because of the first pain i passed through, still also asked me to send him money there i get scared but with time he sent me my membership i'd card there i proved it and trust in him little and i accepted and send him money, but what amazed me is that immediately after sending him money, within the 24 hours the temple headquarter sends me 3 million dollars directly on my account as my first benefit there i trusted him more and he is the only agent i trust because he helped me seriously. So my friend, if you want to join I am going to help you and connect you to that agent but you must be serious. I don't have that authority of joining anyone who is serious. I will connect you to him. on WhatsApp +2349031111198 or email him (illuminatiworldofpawer@gmail.com
join the illuminati
I want to share with you my testimony of how I joined this great organization of illuminate, really I was so poor and my life was almost to die and I tried many times to join illuminati but all was in vain whereby I was facing fake people who were claiming to be agents of illuminati. They ate my money without helping me out there. I lost hope in illuminati. But because i was very interested and focused on my dream, I continued trying there I meant an agent called Mr MAC NUNES from South Africa Cape Town but currently in Nigeria who told me he will help me out still i didn’t trusted him at all because of the first pain i passed through, still also asked me to send him money there i get scared but with time he sent me my membership i'd card there i proved it and trust in him little and i accepted and send him money, but what amazed me is that immediately after sending him money, within the 24 hours the temple headquarter sends me 3 million dollars directly on my account as my first benefit there i trusted him more and he is the only agent i trust because he helped me seriously. So my friend, if you want to join I am going to help you and connect you to that agent but you must be serious. I don't have that authority of joining anyone who is serious. I will connect you to him. on WhatsApp +2349031111198 or email him (illuminatiworldofpawer@gmail.com
Have you lost your cryptocurrency? Kindly read
IS BITCOIN RECOVERY REAL?? YES !!! ( cryptoguruteq(@)gmail•com ), is the man for the
This man is dedicated to his work and you can trust him more than yourself. I contacted him a year and a half Ago and he didn’t succeed. when i got ripped of $491,000 worth of bitcoins by scammers, I tried several recovery programs with no success too. I kept on. And now after so much time they contacted me with a success, and the reward he took was small because obviously he is doing this because he wants to help idiots like me who fell for crypto scam, and love his job. Of course he could have taken all the coins and not tell me , I was not syncing this wallet for a year, but he didn’t.He is the MAN guys , He is! If you have been a victim of crypto scam before you can trust 100%. I thought there were no such good genuine guys anymore on earth, but they brought my trust to humanity again. GOD bless you..you can reach him via cryptoguruteq via Gmail•com
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I’m recommending the most secure and reliable crypto recovery service that can help you, it was very beneficial for me when I lost access to my wallet around May this year, the wallet had my investment of 135,000 USD in BTC and ETH , In my research for a solution, I read reviews on Investopedia about Mr Romero and CRYPTOCYBERNET @gmail. Com can do with easy RECOVERY and he specializes in bitcoin wallet recovery tools, and high power efficient d crypto mining. He made use of modern blockchain forensic tools to map the activity of scammers who ripped my wallet through my email. I’m a grateful soul till date because he knows different combinations of on-chain and off-chain analytics and techniques to fix your stolen crypto. The specific assistance offered to me varied as it depends on the reasons your coins are inaccessible, but in every case, having experts like Mr. Romero working with you is key to recovery and investment of your coins. He is more than capable of solving many common problems concerning different CRYPTOCYBERNET @ gmail. com today, best in town, they are experts at tracking stolen crypto funds. They make it possible to recover passwords in many situations where accessing your wallets or coins seems impossible.
Illuminati
HOW THE ILLUMINATI BROTHERHOOD MADE ME RICH AND FAMOUS. I am a member of the illuminati brotherhood, i want to give thanks to the Lord Lucifer, for what he has done for me, he changed my life, he bring joy and happiness to my life, i am living a good life today is because of the illuminati brotherhood, i have being trying all my life to join the illuminati brotherhood, i was conned so many times but i still did not give up, because when you give up in life, life will also give up on you, if you have been scammed so many times, my advise for you is not to give up the illuminati brotherhood is real, benefits amount which was given to me is $1,000,000 to start a new life, hail the illuminati brotherhood are you a musician,politician or business man/woman and you want to become rich in what you do if you are in any kind of problems or you need support in life, join the illuminati brotherhood for your problems to solve, contact Richard Fred on WhatsApp +2348138516093 or Email: illuminatisociety579@gmail.com for more information.
love spells by dr isikolo
My husband had the habit of always texting and fixing dates with his old friends including his exes. I never thought there was a problem with such until he became emotionally withdrawn from me and started acting abnormal towards me and my daughter. At this point I knew I needed help urgently because I never wanted to loose him. Dr Isikolo came to my rescue and the problem was fixed. One my husband’s ex vowed to ensure she takes him from him and started manipulating him to abandon me and my daughter which would have eventually happened if Dr Isikolo didn’t stepped in to help me. Just as he assured me of the the results after fixing the problem, everything became amazing between me and my husband and now he has apologized for everything and we are good again. Contact Dr Isikolo and believe he will surely fix that problem for you. Go through his page: https://isikolo-temple.com or direct WhatsApp text on +2348133261196
Recover Your Lost Cryptocurrency
A LIFELINE AFTER MY CRYPTO DISASTER
The email looked so real. I clicked, and within hours, my wallet was empty. The sinking feeling is something I wouldn't wish on anyone. My Bitcoin was gone, and with it, my confidence. I thought there was no recourse, that the anonymous nature of the blockchain meant my savings had simply vanished into thin air.
A trusted colleague, seeing my distress, quietly suggested I contact Cyber Cryptocurrency Trace. With nothing left to lose, I did.
The difference was immediate. Instead of vague promises, their team provided a clear, technical explanation of their forensic tracing process. They worked with relentless focus, mapping the movement of my stolen funds across the blockchain. It was a complex puzzle, but they had the tools and the expertise to solve it.
Weeks later, I received the news I had stopped hoping for: they had recovered my assets. The professionalism and integrity they showed throughout the entire ordeal was exceptional.
I am sharing this because I want others to know that recovery is possible. You do not have to accept the loss.
I urge anyone who has been victimise ed to reach out to the experts at Cyber Cryptocurrency Trace.
Website: https://cybercryptocurrencytrace.sirbaoxi.com
Primary Contact: Cybercryptocurrencytrace@Sirbaoxi.com
Alternative Email: cybercryptocurrencytrace@cryptotracking.online
Direct Phone Line: +1 (213) 377-1924
Telegram: +12568232797
Take that step. It was the decision that restored my financial security and my peace of mind.
ILLUMINATI BROTHERHOOD…
ILLUMINATI BROTHERHOOD TEMPLE" GREETINGS ! REGARDS OF YOU BECOMING A MEMBER OF THE GREAT ILLUMINATI, WE WELCOME YOU. BE PART OF SOMETHING PROFITABLE AND SPECIAL. POLITICIAN, ENGINEERING, DOCTOR, ENTERTAINER, MODEL, GRADUATE/STUDENT, OR YOU HAVE IT IN MIND TO EXPAND YOUR BUSINESS To BECOME GREAT MINDS It is pertinent to also know that For becoming a member, and earn $400,000 as the USD sum. Illuminati membership first benefit Clear your doubt or fear, I am real TAKE THE GOLDEN "OPPORTUNITY" The great Illuminati Organization makes you rich and famous in the world, it will pull you out from the grass root and take you to a greater height were you have long aspired to be and we shall long rule the world with Illuminati. life and prosperity here on earth with eternal life and jubilation Trust me, I give you my word Join us for more information Email: illuminati.org.official.acct666@gmail.com or Whatsapp +2348073072592.
HOW I WON THE LOTTERY
I'm still pinching myself. I was on the brink of giving up on ever winning the lottery, but Chief Ade's powerful prayers and guidance changed everything, I won the $40 million Lotto Max jackpot and I'm forever grateful. His spiritual energy is real guys, If you're struggling, reach out to Chief Ade, he's real and genuine. Thanks Chief Ade for helping me change my life. My family and I are living our best life now, all thanks to you for your intervention. I've been able to pay off debts, invest in my business. I'm so grateful for your help Chief Ade. If you're looking for a way to turn your life around, I highly recommend reaching out to Chief Ade. Email chiefadespellhome@gmail.com || WhatsApp +234 901 380 6328
I really appreciate Priest…
I really appreciate Priest Guba, the powerful spell caster who help me cast a love spell that brought my ex husband within 24hours after providing him all the details he required from me and after the casting of the spell my ex husband came back to apologize that i should accept him and this will never happen again, for a long time now but since i met this spell caster online my story has change for good contact Priest Guba, All thanks to Priest Guba, for the good work... visit his google You can contact him Email via Gubasolutionhome@gmail.com, or
https://wa.me/ +2347077581439 Or https://www.facebook.com/PriestGubaspell
Herpes cure with dr sikies herbal product
Powerful Herbal treatment is 100% guarantee for HSV cure, the reason why most people are finding it difficult to cure HSV 1 or 2 is because they believe on medical report, drugs and medical treatments which is not helpful to cure HSV and hasn't proved any sign of helping. Natural roots/herbs are the best remedy which can easily eradicate herpes forever. I never believed it until I was helped and cured of my 16 months genital herpes with natural herbal medicines from Dr Sikies. Where other medical prescribed drugs and treatments failed, Dr Sikies natural herbs helped saved me from Genital herpes permanently and I’m so grateful for this. You can also get help from this great and powerful Herbalist Dr Sikies by reaching himon Email: drsikies@gmail.com / WhatsApp +2348163430143 website to make order now : https://drsikiesherbalcuremedicine.weebly.com/
Illuminati
HOW THE ILLUMINATI BROTHERHOOD MADE ME RICH AND FAMOUS. I am a member of the illuminati brotherhood, i want to give thanks to the Lord Lucifer, for what he has done for me, he changed my life, he bring joy and happiness to my life, i am living a good life today is because of the illuminati brotherhood, i have being trying all my life to join the illuminati brotherhood, i was conned so many times but i still did not give up, because when you give up in life, life will also give up on you, if you have been scammed so many times, my advise for you is not to give up the illuminati brotherhood is real, benefits amount which was given to me is $1,000,000 to start a new life, hail the illuminati brotherhood are you a musician,politician or business man/woman and you want to become rich in what you do if you are in any kind of problems or you need support in life, join the illuminati brotherhood for your problems to solve, contact Richard Fred on WhatsApp +2348138516093 or Email: illuminatisociety579@gmail.com for more information.
Illuminati
HOW THE ILLUMINATI BROTHERHOOD MADE ME RICH AND FAMOUS. I am a member of the illuminati brotherhood, i want to give thanks to the Lord Lucifer, for what he has done for me, he changed my life, he bring joy and happiness to my life, i am living a good life today is because of the illuminati brotherhood, i have being trying all my life to join the illuminati brotherhood, i was conned so many times but i still did not give up, because when you give up in life, life will also give up on you, if you have been scammed so many times, my advise for you is not to give up the illuminati brotherhood is real, benefits amount which was given to me is $1,000,000 to start a new life, hail the illuminati brotherhood are you a musician,politician or business man/woman and you want to become rich in what you do if you are in any kind of problems or you need support in life, join the illuminati brotherhood for your problems to solve, contact Richard Fred on WhatsApp +2348138516093 or Email: illuminatisociety579@gmail.com for more information.
How i recovered my money
I want to use this Medium to say big thanks to ( Direct Cyber Recovery ) for they helped my husband I recover our stolen crypto worth ( $345,000 ) through their hacking skills, I tried it. I was skeptic at first but it worked and we got our money back, I’m so glad I came across them early, they retrieved approximately 98% of the total amount we lost, we thought we would never going to get our money back from those fake online investment email: Directcyberrecovery@proton.me https://directcyberrecover.wixsite.com/security
ILLUMINATI BROTHERHOOD…
ILLUMINATI BROTHERHOOD TEMPLE" GREETINGS ! REGARDS OF YOU BECOMING A MEMBER OF THE GREAT ILLUMINATI, WE WELCOME YOU. BE PART OF SOMETHING PROFITABLE AND SPECIAL. POLITICIAN, ENGINEERING, DOCTOR, ENTERTAINER, MODEL, GRADUATE/STUDENT, OR YOU HAVE IT IN MIND TO EXPAND YOUR BUSINESS To BECOME GREAT MINDS It is pertinent to also know that For becoming a member, and earn $400,000 as the USD sum. Illuminati membership first benefit Clear your doubt or fear, I am real TAKE THE GOLDEN "OPPORTUNITY" The great Illuminati Organization makes you rich and famous in the world, it will pull you out from the grass root and take you to a greater height were you have long aspired to be and we shall long rule the world with Illuminati. life and prosperity here on earth with eternal life and jubilation Trust me, I give you my word Join us for more information Email: illuminati.org.official.acct666@gmail.com or Whatsapp +2348073072592.
HOW CAN I RECOVER MY LOST BTC? FUNDS RETRIEVER ENGINEER
I was devastated when my Bitcoin was stolen, I believed recovery was impossible. Until i came across FUNDS RETRIEVER ENGINEER online conducted blockchain forensic analysis, traced the stolen funds across multiple wallets, and identified their movement to a centralized exchange with professional forensic report prepared and submitted to compliance and law enforcement, leading to the funds being flagged for investigation and completely recovered it was secure, legal and confidential procedure
Contact info:
WhatsApp / Telegram: +1 (802) 952-3470
mail fundsretrieverenginee-r@outlook.com
HOW I WON LOTTERY WITH THE HELP OF A SPELL CASTER
This testimony is shared as my personal belief and experience. In November 2022, my life changed beyond anything I could have imagined when I won the $2.04 billion Powerball lottery. Before this blessing, I was overwhelmed by financial struggles and emotional pain, and I had almost given up hope.During that dark time, I was introduced to Oniha Spells, a spell caster who encouraged me to stay faithful and believe that change was possible. After following the spiritual guidance given to me, I felt a deep sense of peace and certainty. When I later realized I had won the lottery, I was overcome with tears of joy and gratitude. This experience strengthened my belief in hope, faith, and positive energy.
Email: droniha16@gmail.com
CALL/Whatsapp number: +16692213962
Website: onihaspells.com
HOW I WON LOTTERY WITH THE HELP OF A SPELL CASTER
This testimony is shared as my personal belief and experience. In November 2022, my life changed beyond anything I could have imagined when I won the $2.04 billion Powerball lottery. Before this blessing, I was overwhelmed by financial struggles and emotional pain, and I had almost given up hope.During that dark time, I was introduced to Oniha Spells, a spell caster who encouraged me to stay faithful and believe that change was possible. After following the spiritual guidance given to me, I felt a deep sense of peace and certainty. When I later realized I had won the lottery, I was overcome with tears of joy and gratitude. This experience strengthened my belief in hope, faith, and positive energy.
Email: droniha16@gmail.com
CALL/Whatsapp number: +16692213962
Website: onihaspells.com
Illuminati
This is my testimony, detailing how, after more than two years of effort, I finally joined the New World Order, the Illuminati, and how scammers continued to steal my money. I had wanted to join the Illuminati for a long time, but scammers kept stealing my money until I met Lord Felix Morgan online earlier this year. I contacted him and explained everything. He suggested I apply and I paid the high membership fee to get started. I was accepted into the New World Order and received dollars as soon as I joined. I am very happy! And I promise to spread the word about Lord Felix Morgan's good work. If you are interested in joining the Illuminati New World Order today, contact Lord Felix Morgan today. This is your best opportunity to get the Illuminati membership you've always wanted. You can contact Lord Felix Morgan by email at Illuminatiofficial565@ or by WhatsApp at +447353027456.
How I Recovered My Crypto/Forex Funds
I fell victim to a very convincing forex scam where the scammers presented professional-looking graphs, trading dashboards, and portfolios of people who appeared to be earning consistently. This made the investment seem legitimate and trustworthy.
As a result, I lost 1,497 SOL and 347,000 USDT. When withdrawals became impossible and excuses kept coming, I realized it was a scam.
I then contacted Morphohack Cyber Service, who carefully reviewed my case and transaction details. Thanks to their professionalism and expertise, they were able to successfully help me recover my funds. I contacted them via email (Morphohack@cyberservices.com)
I’m truly grateful for their support and would recommend Morphohack to anyone who has fallen victim to crypto or forex scams.
RECOVERY
I NEED A HELP HOW TO RECOVER MY LOST CRYPTOCURRENCY
I know many things could have gone wrong these past few days investing online and getting burnt. I was also in your shoes when I invested in a binary option where I got scammed of $3000 of BTC but thanks to the help of TSUTOMU SHIMOMURA They assisted me in recovering back my lost BTC. I initially didn’t trust them but I was referred to by a friend who I trust well. I was able to get my refund within the space of 24HRS. Thanks to TSUTOMU SHIMOMURA, you can also contact them Email tsutomushimomurahacker@gmail.com, and I’m sure you will be happy you did.
How i recovered my money
I want to use this Medium to say big thanks to ( Direct Cyber Recovery ) for they helped my husband I recover our stolen crypto worth ( $345,000 ) through their hacking skills, I tried it. I was skeptic at first but it worked and we got our money back, I’m so glad I came across them early, they retrieved approximately 98% of the total amount we lost, we thought we would never going to get our money back from those fake online investment email: Directcyberrecovery@proton.me https://directcyberrecover.wixsite.com/security
love spells
I never knew I could get my fiancé back to me until I contacted Dr Isikolo who helped me. I had a terrible misunderstanding with my man and we went different ways. I was down emotionally and knew not what to do to help the situation. So I got to know about Dr Isikolo. I contacted him and got him to help with my problems. He told me all that I needed to know and understood and I complied with procedures and he eventually fix the problem for me and now I and my fiancé are back together and I know we will get married soon. It won’t have been possible if Dr Isikolo didn’t help me as promised. The result of his work surely manifest after 48 hours and it 100% guaranteed. Its visible for me to see the effect of the result of everything he did for me and truly the love and affection between i and my fiance is restored back fully and it gladdens my heart that i didnt loose him to anyone out there. He can as well help you if you reach out to him now. Text him on WhatsApp him on +2348133261196 or go through his page: https://isikolo-temple.com
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