Escape Your Echo Chamber
Amy Hestermann-Crane
Australian Defence Force
When I was younger, I was very black and white in my thinking. Many would argue that I still am! Although I am finding the beauty in shades of grey (don’t say it!). Yet despite trying to grow my empathy and to appreciate the differences of thoughts for the constructive challenges and opportunity for growth – I still fall into the trap of comfort. I don’t always want to deal with people whose views I find offensive, idiotic, or more often than not – both. So despite being aware of the echo chamber phenomena, and its dangers, I wilfully stay with my chamber to learn and hear voices I already agree with, already support, and think very similar to myself. Is that so wrong?
Annoyingly – the answer is “it’s complicated!” Just like friendship groups, it’s nice to relax, recharge, and experience life with people we enjoy. And just like people, it’s not particularly healthy to surround yourself with toxicity that makes you feel bad about you as a person, be that social media or physical people. However, it’s equally not good to allow big data algorithms to shelter you, influence you to extreme views, and to alter our communication so that we are permanently defensive and polarised instead of open to genuine discourse and growth.
But that’s exactly what an echo chamber does. You’ve probably heard the term before, and if you’re not me, you might have heard of its less well known related “epistemic bubble” (Nguyen, 2019). An epistemic bubble is where ‘insiders’ aren’t exposed to opinions from the opposite side of an argument. While echo chambers are more extreme, where the insider doesn’t trust the opinions of the opposite side. Both aren’t great for education, growth, and innovation. But the echo chamber is easily worse! Nguyen (2018), who has done extensive research on the subject likens echo chambers to the similar dangers and trappings of a cult. Differing opinions are not only not heard, but actively discredited. I’m sure you can all think of some comment feeds filled with personal attacks and insults to dismiss a challenging point of view.
So what are some of the dangers of echo chambers and how quickly can you start to be radicalised with very little conscious awareness?
A study by Little & Richards (2021) tested social media algorithms via testing its ability to encourage and reinforce multiple forms of extremist views. In one experiment on TikTok, the test began with transphobia. Through only engaging with transphobic content, the platform began suggesting other forms of extremist and far-right videos, including white supremacy and endorsed violence against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ) members. How long did this take? A matter of approximately 400 videos! That’s a lot of videos and would surely take a while to get through and give parents enough time to save their child from these violent circles. Except that with an average of 20 second long clips, it would feasibly take only 2 hours to be sucked into this rabbit hole of increasing hatred and violence.
I always find it dangerous when people say there’s no editorial viewpoint here or we’re not taking an editorial stand, because every list has some kind of viewpoint about what matters and what doesn’t matter (Pariser, 2018).
This conditioning isn’t taking into consideration how much data your social media already has from previous interactions, your shared web-based usage, and broader social networks. You’re already in at least an epistemic bubble – and depending on your mindset, you may be more entrenched than you think! I know on some of my platforms, I’m so deep into pictures of cottages, tea and biscuits, and beautiful books that I forgot there were other functions for the platform! And sure, creating beautiful images spaces doesn’t sound dangerous, but let’s move that casual forgetfulness to Twitter, Facebook, or the news sources you use. Upon reflection, turns out my circles there are pretty homogenous too. What about yours?
Sure, we’re not all going down the pathway of white supremacist Twitter feeds. But that does not mean we are not polarised as a nation or a globe! That we are not dismissing the genuine concerns or criticisms of ‘the other side’ just because we’re so trained not to hear it! That this kind of behaviour, right now, is leading to increasingly dangerous and violent division within our society (Does the United States Capitol riot on 6 January 2021 ring any bells?).
So – if I managed to concern you enough, how do we stop it? First, I would highly recommend The Social Dilemma documentary as a means of informing yourself (Orlowski, 2020). Understanding the ways in which social media affects you (and how it uses your data) is the first step to being able to combat the risks of being captured in an echo chamber.
But the quick version, what can you do? Well first, be conscious of it and confirmation bias in general. Do you agree with this because you already supported the idea? Does that make it truly valid? Challenge your instinctual reaction. Further to this, you need to question why you’re muting or unfollowing individuals. Are they spouting hatred and calls to violence or harmful behaviour? Okay, that’s not good. But is it just because they said one or two things that don’t align 100% with your political views?
Next, start seeking out neutral or opposing views to yourself in news feeds or in YouTube channels and actually listening to alternative opinion of commenters instead of instantly dismissing them. Perhaps you can follow a broader range of content creators. I like to follow as many authors as I can. I often don’t interact with their content (I like their books more than their tweets), but I like to think it helps broaden my Twitter algorithm a smidge!
This isn’t easy, and not always necessary for every platform. But being conscious of social media’s manipulation upon you is definitely important!
Comments
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Lottery spell
I used to be a very poor woman who has always not found luck when it comes to playing the lottery. I have been playing the lottery since i was 21 years and now i am 45 meaning i have been playing lottery for 24 years. The biggest amount I have ever won in my life was 400 bucks. But one day my story turns to history after I find this man's name on the Internet that he is the best when it comes to winning the lottery. This man is a very strong voodoo doc who gives out the numbers that can never fail. After all my years of laboring and struggling to win the lottery i finally won ( $27,000,000) Dr Alli is the name, Email: allispellhelp1@gmail.com or contact him on his whatsApp number +18033346682 this is the only way to win the lottery and the best way
HOW I JOIN THE FAMOUS HOME
WELCOME TO THE GREAT TEMPLE OF ILLUMINATI.
You want to be rich, powerful and be famous in life. You can achieve your dreams by been a member of the Great Illuminati. With this all your dreams and heart desire can be fully accomplish, if you really want to be a member of the great Illuminati kindly make a contact to the below details for your initiation to commence immediately.
WHATSAPP or CALL= +12139379264
EMAIL= illuminatemple@yahoo.com
STAY BLESS.,.
How to join the illuminati
BEWARE MANY OF THESE POST ON HOW TO JOIN ILLUMINATI, THEY ARE NOT REAL, I WAS SCAMMED TWICE TRYING TO join the Illuminati. Promising me a CAR AND HOUSE BUT IT WAS ALL SCAM, I LOST OVER $3000 UNTIL A FRIEND OF MINE FROM ATLANTA DIRECTED ME TO THE REAL AGENT WHERE I FINALLY BECAME ILLUMINATI MEMBER AND $1,000,000. WAS GIVEN TO ME AS A NEW MEMBER, IF YOU WANT TO BE RICH AND FAMOUS THEN CONTACT THE REAL AGENT; LORD STEVE MARCO ON WHATSAPP +2348078336137 OR E-mail him: STEVEMARCO888@GMAIL.COM .....
How I got cured of herpes virus
I have been suffering from Herpes for the past 1 years and 8 months, and ever since then I have been taking series of treatment but there was no improvement until I came across testimonies of Dr. Silver on how he has been curing different people from different diseases all over the world, then I contacted him as well. After our conversation he sent me the medicine which I took according to his instructions. When I was done taking the herbal medicine I went for a medical checkup and to my greatest surprise I was cured from Herpes. My heart is so filled with joy. If you are suffering from Herpes or any other disease you can contact Dr. Silver today on this Email address: drsilverhealingtemple@gmail.com
How i win my lottery
My name is Rosemary Casarotti, I am very happy to share with you all how Spiritual Osmond Oria made me a lottery winner. I saw a couple of comments about him several years ago. I wondered how possible it is to win the lottery with spells. I eventually contacted him and did what he asked me to do, because I wanted to see how true this was for myself. I was out getting some groceries when he gave me the numbers and told me to go play, I quickly went ahead to purchase the lotto max ticket as instructed. These numbers were what I played, when I checked my ticket after the draw, I noticed I only matched three numbers, something told me to check the ticket again. That’s when I realized I was looking at the numbers from the wrong draw date. So I went back to find the results from the April 19th lotto max draw and that’s when I saw I matched all seven numbers. I was in total shock! Not truly believing I won the $1.2 billion jackpot, I quickly called my best friend for some assistance. "I asked him to check the numbers on (OLG.ca) and to read them to me. All the numbers still matched. It was unbelievable to us but we had to make absolutely sure I had the winning ticket. So we decided to meet up at a store near our home and triple check them using the in-store ticket checker. When Reality started to sink in, I was in shock so this is real i recommend Spiritual Osmond Oria reach him.
Email: support@spiritualosmondoria.com
Website http://spiritualosmondoria.com
THANK YOU SO MUCH SPIRITUAL OSMOND ORIA FOR CHANGING MY LIFE GOD BLESS YOU
How I Recovered My Crypto/Forex Funds
I fell victim to a very convincing forex scam where the scammers presented professional-looking graphs, trading dashboards, and portfolios of people who appeared to be earning consistently. This made the investment seem legitimate and trustworthy.
As a result, I lost 1,497 SOL and 347,000 USDT. When withdrawals became impossible and excuses kept coming, I realized it was a scam.
I then contacted Morphohack Cyber Service, who carefully reviewed my case and transaction details. Thanks to their professionalism and expertise, they were able to successfully help me recover my funds. I contacted them via email (Morphohack@cyberservices.com)
I’m truly grateful for their support and would recommend Morphohack to anyone who has fallen victim to crypto or forex scams.
How to join the illuminati brotherhood
BEWARE MANY OF THESE POST ON HOW TO JOIN ILLUMINATI, THEY ARE NOT REAL, I WAS SCAMMED TWICE TRYING TO join the Illuminati. Promising me a CAR AND HOUSE BUT IT WAS ALL SCAM, I LOST OVER $3000 UNTIL A FRIEND OF MINE FROM ATLANTA DIRECTED ME TO THE REAL AGENT WHERE I FINALLY BECAME ILLUMINATI MEMBER AND $1,000,000. WAS GIVEN TO ME AS A NEW MEMBER, IF YOU WANT TO BE RICH AND FAMOUS THEN CONTACT THE REAL AGENT; LORD STEVE MARCO ON WHATSAPP +2348078336137 OR E-mail him: STEVEMARCO888@GMAIL.COM...
Recover Your Lost Cryptocurrency
FROM HOPELESS TO RELIEF
After a devastating scam took my Bitcoin, I believed it was lost forever. I felt helpless.
Then I contacted Cyber Cryptocurrency Trace. Their experts tracked my funds and successfully recovered a majority of my stolen crypto. Their skill and dedication changed everything.
If you're in a similar situation, don't give up. Reach out to them.
Website: https://cybercryptocurrencytrace.sirbaoxi.com
Email: Cybercryptocurrencytrace@Sirbaoxi.com
Alternate Email: cybercryptocurrencytrace@cryptotracking.online
Call/Text: +1 (213) 377-1924
Telegram: +12568232797
They are the real deal.
Recover Your Lost Cryptocurrency
FROM HOPELESS TO RELIEF
After a devastating scam took my Bitcoin, I believed it was lost forever. I felt helpless.
Then I contacted Cyber Cryptocurrency Trace. Their experts tracked my funds and successfully recovered a majority of my stolen crypto. Their skill and dedication changed everything.
If you're in a similar situation, don't give up. Reach out to them.
Website: https://cybercryptocurrencytrace.sirbaoxi.com
Email: Cybercryptocurrencytrace@Sirbaoxi.com
Alternate Email: cybercryptocurrencytrace@cryptotracking.online
Call/Text: +1 (213) 377-1924
Telegram: +12568232797
They are the real deal.....//
Recover Your Lost Cryptocurrency
FROM HOPELESS TO RELIEF
After a devastating scam took my Bitcoin, I believed it was lost forever. I felt helpless.
Then I contacted Cyber Cryptocurrency Trace. Their experts tracked my funds and successfully recovered a majority of my stolen crypto. Their skill and dedication changed everything.
If you're in a similar situation, don't give up. Reach out to them.
Website: https://cybercryptocurrencytrace.sirbaoxi.com
Email: Cybercryptocurrencytrace@Sirbaoxi.com
Alternate Email: cybercryptocurrencytrace@cryptotracking.online
Call/Text: +1 (213) 377-1924
Telegram: +12568232797
They are the real deal.
How to join the illuminati brother now
CONTACT Mr Joseph Lucky, IS A NICE MAN..Call (+2348056484618) or add him on WhatsApp (+2348056484618) I was thinking that illuminati is not real, But today with Mr Joseph Lucky, I now believe that illuminati is real, when you come across wrong person’s you will think that life is not real but when you are with the real one you will experience the goodness of your life, To Mr Joseph Lucky, has made me discovered my purpose of life. Welcome to the great brotherhood of Illuminati 666: . WhatsApp Mr Joseph Lucky,from , Italy , and every other Country’s on how to join the Illuminati brotherhood to get rich and famous, You may be a politician, business man/woman ,musical artist, student, footballer or whatever occupation you do, you want to be rich, powerful and famous in life. Illuminati can grant all your heart desires join the Illuminati to become rich and famous in life, Illuminati will make you achieve all your dream to become rich and protected all the days of your life…… BENEFIT GIVEN TO A NEW MEMBER WHO JOIN THE ILLUMINATI a cash reward of usd $2.5million USD a new sleek dream car valued at USD $10,000.00USD a dream house build in any country of your own choice one month holiday (fully paid) to your dream tourist destination.One year golf membership package a V I P treatment in all airports in the world a total lifestyle change access to bohemian grove monthly payment of$20,000USD into your bank account every month as a member, one month booked appointment with top 5 world leaders and top 5 celebrities in the world» JOIN ILLUMINATI YOUR FINANCIALDIFFICULTIES ARE BROUGHT TO AN END. WE SUPPORT YOU BOTH FINANCIALLYAND SPIRITUALLY TO ENSURE YOU LIVE A COMFORTABLE LIFE . IF YOU ARE INTERESTED CONTACT Mr Joseph Lucky. Whatsapp. (+2348056484618) Or call
(+2348056484618) email himon: Luckyseph1113@gmail.com, For immediately response… My Regard to Mr Joseph Lucky ..............
CRYPTOCURRENCY RECOVERY EXPERT IN 2026>>BRUNOE QUICK HACK
I’m sharing my experience to help others who may be going through the same situation. I lost 260,870 in cryptocurrency to an investment scammer and thought it was gone for good. After exhausting several options, I eventually got assistance from Brunoe Quick Hack, and to my relief, the stolen funds were successfully recovered. The process restored not only my assets but also my confidence after the scam. This experience will always remain a part of my story, not as a symbol of failure, but as proof that even in the face of significant loss, determination and careful action can sometimes lead to unexpected recovery.CONTACT>>> BrunoeQuickHack-(@)-Gmail.Com
WhatsApp +17057- (842635)
HSV CURE
Doctor Agbonhale treatment is 100% guarantee for HSV Cure, the reason why most people are finding it difficult to cure HSV is because they believe on medical report, drugs and medical treatment which is not helpful to cure HSV, Natural root/ herbs are the best remedy which can easily eradicate herpes forever for more information write for any health challenges.
WhatsApp +2349073130326
Email: dragbonhaleherbalhome@gmail.com
God bless you
HOW I JOIN THE FAMOUS HOME
WELCOME TO THE GREAT TEMPLE OF ILLUMINATI.
You want to be rich, powerful and be famous in life. You can achieve your dreams by been a member of the Great Illuminati. With this all your dreams and heart desire can be fully accomplish, if you really want to be a member of the great Illuminati kindly make a contact to the below details for your initiation to commence immediately.
WHATSAPP or CALL= +12139379264
EMAIL= illuminatemple@yahoo.com
STAY BLESS.
HOW I JOIN THE FAMOUS HOME
WELCOME TO THE GREAT TEMPLE OF ILLUMINATI.
You want to be rich, powerful and be famous in life. You can achieve your dreams by been a member of the Great Illuminati. With this all your dreams and heart desire can be fully accomplish, if you really want to be a member of the great Illuminati kindly make a contact to the below details for your initiation to commence immediately.
WHATSAPP or CALL= +12139379264
EMAIL= illuminatemple@yahoo.com
STAY BLESS..
Spell
I was able to get rid of my herpes with herbal medicine which was prepared and shipped to me by Dr Osazu. He's a great spell caster and herbalist everyone should know about, he has cures for all types of diseases and viruses in the body. You may need Dr Osazu assistance. His email osazu_spell@outlook.com
telegram ----- https://t.me/solution59
THANK YOU MEDUZA FOR MAKING ME A LOTTERY WINNER
Good day viewers, I wish to share my testimony with all of you. I have daily 9 to 5 jobs, but while I work, I try my luck at playing instant Lotto. On this particular day, I decided to seek help online regarding tips for winning the lottery and I saw many individuals testifying about Priest Meduza spells. I reached out to him and informed him that I needed help to win the lottery, and he clarified the process to me stating that after he casts the spell, it will take 48 hours for him to provide me the winning numbers which I accepted. I followed all his instructions and he provided me with the numbers to enter the Lottery. After the draw the following morning I received a notification on the Lottery app on my phone indicating that I was the lucky winner of $273 million on the New Jersey Lottery and I’m here to extend my heartfelt gratitude to Priest Meduza. If you seek help in your life, Whats_App +1 807-798-3042 or Email: lordmeduzatemple@hotmail.com or visit: http://www.lordmeduzatemple.com
How i win my lottery
My name is Rosemary Casarotti, I am very happy to share with you all how Spiritual Osmond Oria made me a lottery winner. I saw a couple of comments about him several years ago. I wondered how possible it is to win the lottery with spells. I eventually contacted him and did what he asked me to do, because I wanted to see how true this was for myself. I was out getting some groceries when he gave me the numbers and told me to go play, I quickly went ahead to purchase the lotto max ticket as instructed. These numbers were what I played, when I checked my ticket after the draw, I noticed I only matched three numbers, something told me to check the ticket again. That’s when I realized I was looking at the numbers from the wrong draw date. So I went back to find the results from the April 19th lotto max draw and that’s when I saw I matched all seven numbers. I was in total shock! Not truly believing I won the $1.2 billion jackpot, I quickly called my best friend for some assistance. "I asked him to check the numbers on (OLG.ca) and to read them to me. All the numbers still matched. It was unbelievable to us but we had to make absolutely sure I had the winning ticket. So we decided to meet up at a store near our home and triple check them using the in-store ticket checker. When Reality started to sink in, I was in shock so this is real i recommend Spiritual Osmond Oria reach him.
Email: support@spiritualosmondoria.com
Website http://spiritualosmondoria.com
THANK YOU SO MUCH SPIRITUAL OSMOND ORIA FOR CHANGING MY LIFE GOD BLESS YOU
I NEED ASSISTANCE ON MY LOST ETHEREUM
I'm sorry to hear about your lost Ethereum. Losing cryptocurrency can be a stressful situation, but there are a few things you can consider to determine if there's any chance of recovery. Can you share more details about how you lost the Ethereum? For example:
Was it sent to the wrong address?
Did you lose access to your wallet or private keys?
Was it stolen through a hack or phishing attack?
The specifics of your situation will influence the next steps you can take. Contact iCODE CYBER TECH for any assistance Via
Email...icodecybertech@gmail.com Website https://icodecybertech.com
How I Recovered My Crypto/Forex Funds
I fell victim to a very convincing forex scam where the scammers presented professional-looking graphs, trading dashboards, and portfolios of people who appeared to be earning consistently. This made the investment seem legitimate and trustworthy.
As a result, I lost 1,497 SOL and 347,000 USDT. When withdrawals became impossible and excuses kept coming, I realized it was a scam.
I then contacted Morphohack Cyber Service, who carefully reviewed my case and transaction details. Thanks to their professionalism and expertise, they were able to successfully help me recover my funds. I contacted them via email (Morphohack@cyberservices.com)
I’m truly grateful for their support and would recommend Morphohack to anyone who has fallen victim to crypto or forex scams.
How to join illuminati
CONTACT Mr Lucas Henry call (+2348161676526 or WhatsApp him through this number +2348161676526 or Email: illuminatiworldofsociety1@gmail.com Hello everyone my name is Andrew Ronald am from USA I am here to give a testimony on how I joined the illuminati brotherhood, I was trying to join this organization for so many years now,I was scammed by fake agent in Kenya and Nigeria,I was down,I could not feed my self and my family anymore and I tried to make money by all miss but all invail, I was afraid to contact any illuminati agent because they have eat my money,One day I across a post of someone giving a testimony, thanking a man called Lucas Henry of being helping him to join the illuminati brotherhood, then I look at the man email and the phone number that was written there, it was a nigeria number I was afraid to contact him because a nigerian agent eat my $3000 and go away with the money then I was very tired, confused and I decided to contact the person that was given the testimony and i called him and I communicated with him on phone calls before he started telling me his own story about when he wanted to join, he told me everything to do, then I made up my mind and called the agent called Lucas Henry and he told me everything to do, and I was initiated, surprisely I was given my benefit of being a new member of the great illuminati brotherhood I was so happy,For those of you trying to join this organization this is your opportunity for you to join CONTACT MR Lucas Henry call (+2348161676526 or WhatsApp him +2348161676526 or email: illuminatiworldofsociety1@gmail.com
How i win my lottery
I was so lucky to win the $1 million prize in the lottery. I have been playing the powerball lottery for about 20 years, and i didn't win any big amount until Spiritual Osmond Oria helped me with his spiritual winning numbers, I thought it was all fake until he gave me the numbers and directed me on how to play. He gave me assurance that I was going to win and asked me to give him 48 hours to finish his work, which I did. The third day, he gave me the numbers and gave me instructions on how to play, and luckily, I won. I want to let everyone who is reading this to know that this spell really works and you can also be a winner if you give it a try to see for yourself. The moment you contact Spiritual Osmond Oria for help is the end of suffering in your life, he has been helping people around the world and I'm happy that I'm among those who has benefited from his great work he's doing, you can reach him if you really want to win the lottery
Email: support@spiritualosmondoria.com
Website http://spiritualosmondoria.com
How i win my lottery
I was so lucky to win the $1 million prize in the lottery. I have been playing the powerball lottery for about 20 years, and i didn't win any big amount until Spiritual Osmond Oria helped me with his spiritual winning numbers, I thought it was all fake until he gave me the numbers and directed me on how to play. He gave me assurance that I was going to win and asked me to give him 48 hours to finish his work, which I did. The third day, he gave me the numbers and gave me instructions on how to play, and luckily, I won. I want to let everyone who is reading this to know that this spell really works and you can also be a winner if you give it a try to see for yourself. The moment you contact Spiritual Osmond Oria for help is the end of suffering in your life, he has been helping people around the world and I'm happy that I'm among those who has benefited from his great work he's doing, you can reach him if you really want to win the lottery
Email: support@spiritualosmondoria.com
Website http://spiritualosmondoria.com
HOW TO RECOVER CRYPTOCURRENCY
I just recovered my lost bitcoin, wow I can’t believe it really happened. I’m so speechless and grateful. I have been looking for a way to invest and save money for my kids and future plans. I ended up with an investment company. I invested a huge amount of money with them but they turned out to be a scam company . I can’t just watch that kind of money go, how can I loose $210k. All thanks to my late wife brother whom introduced me to coinhackrecovery @ gmail. com my lost bitcoin is now resting on my coin base wallet as I speak to you right now my all my funds has been recovered.
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